Answer:
Gel electrolyte solves the problem of electrolyte stratification (layering). For batteries in which the electrolyte is in a non-gel state, the electrolyte layering is affected by gravity. As a result, the negative electrode plate in the lower part is easily sulfated, and the upper grid is easily corroded. Gel is added into the battery after high-speed stirring. Due to the thixotropic nature of Gel, it rapidly forms a mesh-like whole, which holds electrolyte in its area without flowing down.

Answer:
The following calculations will enable you to determine which capacity in the battery range you require in order to supply the power you need, and in the specified temperature conditions:

Constant Power Discharge Case
- Power required: 5 kW
- Minimum voltage: 42 volts
- Maximum voltage: 54 volts
- Back up time required: 4 hours

For a temperature of 25°C, the float charge voltage is 2.25 volts per cell.
Maximum number of 2V cells: 54V/2.25V = 24 cells
Discharge current: 5000W/42V = 119A
Minimum voltage per 2V cell: 42V/24cell = 1.75V
Refer to the table of electrical performance characteristics of different series of EnerMeta batteries for an end voltage of 1.75V. For cyclic application, it is always recommended not to discharge battery more than 80% DOD and generally discharge to 50-60% DOD to gain longest possible cycle life from lead acid battery

Important Note:
In a case where the ambient temperature varies, the calculations should be performed on the basis of the lowest temperature Example: For 11 months of use at 20°C and 1 month at 0°C, calculate the number of cells with a float voltage of 2.25 volts per cell, and find the corresponding accumulator with the loss of capacity transferred to the discharge current.

Answer:
It cannot be used, because water that people drink everyday have more impurity content than the battery electrolyte requirement. Those impurity content will cause higher internal resistance of battery and may bring risk of battery internal micro short-curcuit, which cause shorter battery service life. Water for battery refill should meet JB/T10053-1999 standard.

Answer:
Although lead acid battery has been strictly selected when it leaves the factory, after a certain period of use, the non-uniformity will appear and gradually increase. The charger does not have option and recognition, and can not supplement the undercharge, restricting the amount of overcharge and how to balance the battery capacity must be performed manually or equip an advanced battery charge-balancing system. User should measure the OCV (open circuit voltage) of each battery periodically and irregularly during the middle and late periods of battery bank operation. For lower voltages, recharge separately to make the voltage and capacity consistent with other batteries to reduce their gap.

TIP:
For important backup systems, it is recommended to install BMS (battery monitoring system) for regular and remote management of battery health and status (bank wise and cell/monoblock wise) so that battery service life can be prolonged and also system reliability will be higher.